详解在Python程序中自定义异常的方法
(编辑:jimmy 日期: 2024/11/19 浏览:3 次 )
通过创建一个新的异常类,程序可以命名它们自己的异常。异常应该是典型的继承自Exception类,通过直接或间接的方式。
以下为与RuntimeError相关的实例,实例中创建了一个类,基类为RuntimeError,用于在异常触发时输出更多的信息。
在try语句块中,用户自定义的异常后执行except块语句,变量 e 是用于创建Networkerror类的实例。
class Networkerror(RuntimeError): def __init__(self, arg): self.args = arg
在你定义以上类后,你可以触发该异常,如下所示:
try: raise Networkerror("Bad hostname") except Networkerror,e: print e.args
在下面这个例子中,默认的__init__()异常已被我们重写。
> class MyError(Exception): ... def __init__(self, value): ... self.value = value ... def __str__(self): ... return repr(self.value) ... > try: ... raise MyError(2*2) ... except MyError as e: ... print 'My exception occurred, value:', e.value ... My exception occurred, value: 4 > raise MyError, 'oops!' Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in "htmlcode">class Error(Exception): """Base class for exceptions in this module.""" pass class InputError(Error): """Exception raised for errors in the input. Attributes: expression -- input expression in which the error occurred message -- explanation of the error """ def __init__(self, expression, message): self.expression = expression self.message = message class TransitionError(Error): """Raised when an operation attempts a state transition that's not allowed. Attributes: previous -- state at beginning of transition next -- attempted new state message -- explanation of why the specific transition is not allowed """ def __init__(self, previous, next, message): self.previous = previous self.next = next self.message = message
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